The Z value is defined as:

The Z value is defined as:

• A. t value
• B. Z value
• C. F value
• D. P value

Answer: (B)

Z value is a standard score that shows how many standard deviations a value is from the mean. It’s defined as Z = (X − μ) / σ for a single observation when the population mean μ and standard deviation σ are known. This standardizes data onto the standard normal distribution, which has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1, allowing comparisons across different scales. This differs from a t value, which is used when the population standard deviation is unknown and estimated from the sample; from an F value, which arises in ANOVA to compare variances; and from a P value, which is a probability indicating how extreme the observed result is under the null hypothesis, not a standardized score itself.

Z value is a standard score that shows how many standard deviations a value is from the mean. It’s defined as Z = (X − μ) / σ for a single observation when the population mean μ and standard deviation σ are known. This standardizes data onto the standard normal distribution, which has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1, allowing comparisons across different scales.

This differs from a t value, which is used when the population standard deviation is unknown and estimated from the sample; from an F value, which arises in ANOVA to compare variances; and from a P value, which is a probability indicating how extreme the observed result is under the null hypothesis, not a standardized score itself.